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Computer Communication And Networks

2 Marks (IMP)

1. Define the term Computer Network.

Computer networking refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources with each other.

2. What is ring topology ?

Ring topology is topology in which each computer is connected to exactly two other computers to form the ring.

3. What is a subnet ?

A subnet, or subnetwork, is a segmented piece of a larger network. More specifically, subnets are a logical partition of an IP network into multiple, smaller network segments.

4. Define pipelining.

Protocol pipelining is a technique in which multiple requests are written out to a single socket without waiting for the corresponding responses. Pipelining can be used in various application layer network protocols, like HTTP/1.1, SMTP and FTP.

5. What is meant by the term protocol ?

A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same networks.

       Example : – Ethernet and HTTP, TCP/IP .

6. What is Hamming Code ?

Hamming code is an error correction system that can detect and correct errors when data is stored or transmitted.

7. Mention the drawbacks of flooding.
  • Flooding can be costly in terms of wasted bandwidth.
  • Flooding tends to create an infinite number of duplicate data packets.
  • May have significant upfront installation costs.
  • High overhead
  • Broadcasting is unreliable.
  • Exposed terminal lead to data loss and delay.
  • Lack of acknowledgement.
8. What is a browser ? Give examples.
  • The web browser is an application software to explore www (World Wide Web). It provides an interface between the server and the client and requests to the server for web documents and services.
  • Internet Explorer. Google Chrome. …Mozilla Firefox. …Safari. …Opera. …Konqueror. …Lynx.
9. Enlist the fields in UDP header.

A UDP header is quite small when compared to a TCP header; it has just four common fields: Source Port, Destination Port, Packet Length, and Checksum.

10. Mention the functions of Presentation layer.

data encryption and decryption, data translation, and data compression.

11.What is protocol? Give example.

A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same networks.

        Example : – Ethernet and HTTP

12.Define TDM and FDM.
  1. Frequency division multiplexing is a technique in which available bandwidth of a single transmission medium is sub divided into several channel.
  2. In time division multiplexing all the signals operates at the same frequency but with  different time.
13.What is Flow Control?

Flow control is when the sender sends frames the receiver must receive the frames without any loss.

14.What is Channel Allocation? Write its types.
  • a fixed portion of the frequency channel is allotted to each user.
  • Channel allocation is a process in which a single channel is divided and allotted to multiple users in order to carry user specific tasks.
  • These are Fixed, Dynamic, and Hybrid.
15.What do you mean by Routing?
  • Routing is the process of path selection in any network.
  • A computer network is made of many machines, called nodes, and paths or links that connect those nodes.
16.What is Quality of Service?

Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of technologies that work on a network to guarantee its ability to dependably run high-priority applications and traffic under limited network capacity.

17.What is Internetworking?

Internetworking is the process or technique of connecting different networks by using intermediary devices such as routers or gateway devices.

18.What is DNS? Mention any two generic domains.

DNS, or the Domain Name System, translates human readable domain names (for example, www.amazon.com) to machine readable IP addresses (for example, 192.0. 2.44).

19.List the advantages of computer network. (reg/rep- 2015)
  • Ease of accessibility
  • Flexibility
  • Convenient resource sharing
  • Connectivity
  • Security
  • Great storage capacity
  • Reduced cost
20.Name any two network Topologies for broadcast LAN.
  • Bus topology
  • Star topology
  • Ring topology
21.What is packet switching?

Packet switching is the transfer of small pieces of data across various networks.

22.List the functions of application layer.
  • File transfer, access, and management (FTAM): 
  • Mail Services
  • Directory Services
23.What are drawbacks of flooding?
  • Flooding can be costly in terms of wasted bandwidth.
  • Flooding tends to create an infinite number of duplicate data packets.
  • May have significant upfront installation costs.
  • High overhead
  • Broadcasting is unreliable.
  • Exposed terminal lead to data loss and delay.
  • Lack of acknowledgement.
24.What is WWW?

refers to all the public websites or pages that users can access on their local computers and other devices through the internet.

25.What are guided and unguided transmission media ? Give examples.

Guided transmission media consists of physical connection between source and destination through a wire or a cable.

  • Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable and Fibre-optic cable.

In Unguided transmission media there is no physical connection between source and destination, instead they use air itself. These connections are not bound to a channel to follow.

  • Microwaves, Radio waves, Infrared waves etc..
26.Mention the functions of session layer.
  • Dialog Control
  • Synchronization
27.What is framing ?

The data link layer encapsulate each data packet from the network layer into frames that are them transmitted.

28.Mention different elementary data link protocols.
  1. Stop – and – Wait Protocol. …
  2. Stop – and – Wait ARQ. …
  3. Go – Back – N ARQ. …
  4. Selective Repeat ARQ
29.What is subnet ?

A subnet, or subnetwork, is a segmented piece of a larger network. More specifically, subnets are a logical partition of an IP network into multiple, smaller network segments.

30.Which different services a data link layer provides to network layer ?
  • Provide service to the Network layer.
  • Flow Control
  • Error Control
41.What is stop and wait protocol ?
  • sender sends one frame and wait for acknowledgment from receiver side.
42.What do you mean by Topology? Give example.
  • The diagrammatic or pictorial representation of computer network is called as network topology.
  • Example : star, mesh, tree, ring, point-to-point, circular, hybrid, and bus topology networks.
43.Mention three switching methods.
  • Circuit Switching.
  • Packet Switching.
  • Message Switching.
44.What is parity checking?

A parity check is an error-correction process in network communication that ensures data transmissions between communication nodes are accurate.

45.Give examples of protocols of Data link Layer.

Simple protocol , stop and wait protocol , Go back N protocol and Stop and wait ARQ protocol etc..

46.Mention types of channel allocation.

here are Fixed, Dynamic, and Hybrid Channel Allocation.

47.Write two transport layer protocols.
  • user datagram protocol (udp)
  • transmission control protocol (tcp)
48.What are Polynomial codes ?

A polynomial code is a linear code having a set of valid code words that comprises of polynomials divisible by a shorter fixed polynomial is known as generator polynomial. 

49.What is flooding ?

Flooding is a way to distribute routing protocols updates quickly to every node in a large network.

50.Define dynamic channel allocation.

In this channel an interface can switch from one channel to another channel frequently

51.List the functions of Application layer.
  • File transfer, access, and management (FTAM): 
  • Mail Services
  • Directory Services
52.List the different transport service primitives.

Request , Indication, Response and Confirm.

53.Mention the applications of computer network.
  • Online Education , Distant learning
  • Video conferencing & screen sharing
  • Access to resources & instant information
  • E-commerce , Digital Banking
  • Connectivity , communication and sharing
54.Give the examples for guided and unguided media.

Guided :

  • Twisted pair cable
  • Co-axial cable
  • Fibre-optic cable

Unguided :

  • Microwaves
  • Radio waves
  • Satellite
  • Infrared waves
55.What do you mean by switching ? Mention its types.

Is the mechanism in computer networks that helps in finding the best route for data transmission if there are multiple paths in a larger networks.

56.What is Parity checking ?

A parity check is an error-correction process in network communication that ensures data transmissions between communication nodes are accurate.

57.What is message switching?

Message Switching is a network switching strategy in which data or message is transmitted entirely from the source to the destination node, one hop at a time.

58.What are the three Data Link Layer design issues?
  • Framing
  • Error Control
  • Flow Control
59.What are the four parameters for Quality of Service in networking?

The service-independent QoS parameters characterise network availability, network accessibility, IP connectivity and bearer context cut-off.

60.Mention two major application layer protocols.
  • DNS
  • TELNET
  • FTP
  • TFTP
  • NFS
  • LPD
  • X Window
  • SMTP
59.What are the four parameters for Quality of Service in networking?

Request , Indication, Response and Confirm.

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